Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

2025-05-29 0 25

EF(Entity Framework的简称,下同)有三种方式,分别是:DataBase First、 Model First和Code First

下面是Db First的方式:

1. 数据库库中存在两个表,一个是专业表,一个学生表,一个学生只能属于一个专业:

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

其中T_Major是专业表,T_Student是学生表,StudentId是学号,MajorId是专业Id,T_Major与T_Student是一对多的关系。

2. 项目中添加数据库实体模型

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

因为之前没有配置过数据库连接,所以点击“新建库连接”,如果之前配置过数据库连接,可以直接从下拉列表中选择或者新建

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

选择需要生成的表/存储过程等

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

点击“完成”

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

这里会弹出如下图的窗口,然后选择确定(如果再弹出,也选择确定),如果不小心点击了取消,可以在模型设计界面Ctrl + S(保存的快捷键),或如下图的操作,然后会弹出窗口,一直确定就行。

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

这里是使用MVC,所以添加一个控制器来测试(这里为了快速生成读写的控制器方法,选择“包含读/写操作的MVC5控制器”)

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

生成代码如下:

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using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace Zhong.Web.Controllers

{

public class StudentController : Controller

{

// GET: Student

public ActionResult Index()

{

return View();

}

// GET: Student/Details/5

public ActionResult Details(int id)

{

return View();

}

// GET: Student/Create

public ActionResult Create()

{

return View();

}

// POST: Student/Create

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Create(FormCollection collection)

{

try

{

// TODO: Add insert logic here

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

catch

{

return View();

}

}

// GET: Student/Edit/5

public ActionResult Edit(int id)

{

return View();

}

// POST: Student/Edit/5

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection collection)

{

try

{

// TODO: Add update logic here

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

catch

{

return View();

}

}

// GET: Student/Delete/5

public ActionResult Delete(int id)

{

return View();

}

// POST: Student/Delete/5

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Delete(int id, FormCollection collection)

{

try

{

// TODO: Add delete logic here

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

catch

{

return View();

}

}

}

}

同样的方法添加一个Major控制器

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using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace Zhong.Web.Controllers

{

public class MajorController : Controller

{

// GET: Major

public ActionResult Index()

{

return View();

}

// GET: Major/Details/5

public ActionResult Details(int id)

{

return View();

}

// GET: Major/Create

public ActionResult Create()

{

return View();

}

// POST: Major/Create

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Create(FormCollection collection)

{

try

{

// TODO: Add insert logic here

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

catch

{

return View();

}

}

// GET: Major/Edit/5

public ActionResult Edit(int id)

{

return View();

}

// POST: Major/Edit/5

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection collection)

{

try

{

// TODO: Add update logic here

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

catch

{

return View();

}

}

// GET: Major/Delete/5

public ActionResult Delete(int id)

{

return View();

}

// POST: Major/Delete/5

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Delete(int id, FormCollection collection)

{

try

{

// TODO: Add delete logic here

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

catch

{

return View();

}

}

}

}

由于学生表MajorId依赖于Major表,所以需要先有专业,才能新增学生数据(这里不讨论是否合理)

编写逻辑代码,创建视图

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using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

using Zhong.Web.Models;

namespace Zhong.Web.Controllers

{

public class MajorController : Controller

{

// GET: Major

public ActionResult Index()

{

var majors = new EFDbEntities().T_Major.ToList();

return View(majors);

}

// GET: Major/Details/5

public ActionResult Details(int id)

{

var major = new EFDbEntities().T_Major.Find(id);

if (major == null)

{

return Content("参数错误");

}

return View(major);

}

// GET: Major/Create

public ActionResult Create()

{

return View();

}

// POST: Major/Create

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Create(T_Major entity)

{

if (entity != null)

{

var entities = new EFDbEntities();

entities.T_Major.Add(entity);

entities.SaveChanges();

}

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

// GET: Major/Edit/5

public ActionResult Edit(int id)

{

var entity = new EFDbEntities().T_Major.Find(id);

if (entity == null)

{

return Content("参数错误");

}

return View(entity);

}

// POST: Major/Edit/5

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Edit(T_Major entity)

{

if (entity == null)

{

return Content("参数错误");

}

var entities = new EFDbEntities();

#region 方式一

////该方式一般是根据主键先读取数据,然后再逐个赋值,最后更新

//var oldEntity = entities.T_Major.Find(entity.Id);

//if (oldEntity!=null)

//{

// oldEntity.Name = entity.Name;

// entities.SaveChanges();

//}

#endregion

#region 方式二

//该方式是直接将新的实体(可能是new出来的并且对主键等的属性赋值好了)附加到上下文,然后标记状态为修改Modified

entities.T_Major.Attach(entity);

entities.Entry(entity).State = System.Data.Entity.EntityState.Modified;

entities.SaveChanges();

#endregion

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

// GET: Major/Delete/5

public ActionResult Delete(int id)

{

var major = new EFDbEntities().T_Major.Find(id);

return View(major);

}

// POST: Major/Delete/5

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Delete(int id, FormCollection collection)

{

try

{

// TODO: Add delete logic here

var entities = new EFDbEntities();

var major = entities.T_Major.Find(id);

entities.T_Major.Remove(major);

entities.SaveChanges();

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

catch

{

return View();

}

}

}

}

添加专业:

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

专业列表:

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

同样实现学生控制器与视图:

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using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

using Zhong.Web.Models;

namespace Zhong.Web.Controllers

{

public class StudentController : Controller

{

private EFDbEntities entities = new EFDbEntities();

// GET: Student

public ActionResult Index()

{

var students = entities.T_Student.ToList();

return View(students);

}

// GET: Student/Details/5

public ActionResult Details(int id)

{

var student = entities.T_Student.Find(id);

return View(student);

}

// GET: Student/Create

public ActionResult Create()

{

ViewData["MajorId"] = entities.T_Major.Select(m => new SelectListItem { Text = m.Name, Value = m.Id.ToString() });

return View();

}

// POST: Student/Create

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Create(T_Student entity)

{

entities.T_Student.Add(entity);

entities.SaveChanges();

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

// GET: Student/Edit/5

public ActionResult Edit(int id)

{

var student = entities.T_Student.Find(id);

ViewData["MajorId"] = entities.T_Major.Select(m => new SelectListItem { Text = m.Name, Value = m.Id.ToString() });

return View(student);

}

// POST: Student/Edit/5

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Edit(T_Student entity)

{

if (entity == null)

{

return Content("参数错误");

}

entities.T_Student.Attach(entity);

entities.Entry(entity).State = System.Data.Entity.EntityState.Modified;

entities.SaveChanges();

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

// GET: Student/Delete/5

public ActionResult Delete(int id)

{

var student = entities.T_Student.Find(id);

return View(student);

}

// POST: Student/Delete/5

[HttpPost]

public ActionResult Delete(int id, FormCollection collection)

{

var student = entities.T_Student.Find(id);

entities.T_Student.Remove(student);

entities.SaveChanges();

return RedirectToAction("Index");

}

}

}

添加学生时,报错如下:

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

于是在控制器中增加如下代码:

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

刷新页面:

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

编辑:

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

删除:

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

列表:

Entity Framework之DB First方式详解

在MajorController中有介绍EF的两种更新方式。

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