C++实现遗传算法

2025-05-27 0 58

本文实例讲述了C++实现简单遗传算法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体实现方法如下:

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// CMVSOGA.h : main header file for the CMVSOGA.cpp

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if !defined(AFX_CMVSOGA_H__45BECA_61EB_4A0E_9746_9A94D1CCF767__INCLUDED_)

#define AFX_CMVSOGA_H__45BECA_61EB_4A0E_9746_9A94D1CCF767__INCLUDED_

#if _MSC_VER > 1000

#pragma once

#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000

#include "Afxtempl.h"

#define variablenum 14

class CMVSOGA

{

public:

CMVSOGA();

~CMVSOGA();

void selectionoperator();

void crossoveroperator();

void mutationoperator();

void initialpopulation(int, int ,double ,double,double *,double *); //种群初始化

void generatenextpopulation(); //生成下一代种群

void evaluatepopulation(); //评价个体,求最佳个体

void calculateobjectvalue(); //计算目标函数值

void calculatefitnessvalue(); //计算适应度函数值

void findbestandworstindividual(); //寻找最佳个体和最差个体

void performevolution();

void GetResult(double *);

void GetPopData(CList <double,double>&);

void SetFitnessData(CList <double,double>&,CList <double,double>&,CList <double,double>&);

private:

struct individual

{

double chromosome[variablenum]; //染色体编码长度应该为变量的个数

double value;

double fitness; //适应度

};

double variabletop[variablenum]; //变量值

double variablebottom[variablenum]; //变量值

int popsize; //种群大小

// int generation; //世代数

int best_index;

int worst_index;

double crossoverrate; //交叉率

double mutationrate; //变异率

int maxgeneration; //最大世代数

struct individual bestindividual; //最佳个体

struct individual worstindividual; //最差个体

struct individual current; //当前个体

struct individual current1; //当前个体

struct individual currentbest; //当前最佳个体

CList <struct individual,struct individual &> population; //种群

CList <struct individual,struct individual &> newpopulation; //新种群

CList <double,double> cfitness; //存储适应度值

//怎样使链表的数据是一个结构体????主要是想把种群作成链表。节省空间。

};

#endif

执行文件:

// CMVSOGA.cpp : implementation file

//

#include "stdafx.h"

//#include "vld.h"

#include "CMVSOGA.h"

#include "math.h"

#include "stdlib.h"

#ifdef _DEBUG

#define new DEBUG_NEW

#undef THIS_FILE

static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;

#endif

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// CMVSOGA.cpp

CMVSOGA::CMVSOGA()

{

best_index=0;

worst_index=0;

crossoverrate=0; //交叉率

mutationrate=0; //变异率

maxgeneration=0;

}

CMVSOGA::~CMVSOGA()

{

best_index=0;

worst_index=0;

crossoverrate=0; //交叉率

mutationrate=0; //变异率

maxgeneration=0;

population.RemoveAll(); //种群

newpopulation.RemoveAll(); //新种群

cfitness.RemoveAll();

}

void CMVSOGA::initialpopulation(int ps, int gen ,double cr ,double mr,double *xtop,double *xbottom) //第一步,初始化。

{

//应该采用一定的策略来保证遗传算法的初始化合理,采用产生正态分布随机数初始化?选定中心点为多少?

int i,j;

popsize=ps;

maxgeneration=gen;

crossoverrate=cr;

mutationrate =mr;

for (i=0;i<variablenum;i++)

{

variabletop[i] =xtop[i];

variablebottom[i] =xbottom[i];

}

//srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) ); //寻找一个真正的随机数生成函数。

for(i=0;i<popsize;i++)

{

for (j=0;j<variablenum ;j++)

{

current.chromosome[j]=double(rand()%10000)/10000*(variabletop[j]-variablebottom[j])+variablebottom[j];

}

current.fitness=0;

current.value=0;

population.InsertAfter(population.FindIndex(i),current);//除了初始化使用insertafter外,其他的用setat命令。

}

}

void CMVSOGA::generatenextpopulation()//第三步,生成下一代。

{

//srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) );

selectionoperator();

crossoveroperator();

mutationoperator();

}

//void CMVSOGA::evaluatepopulation() //第二步,评价个体,求最佳个体

//{

// calculateobjectvalue();

// calculatefitnessvalue(); //在此步中因该按适应度值进行排序.链表的排序.

// findbestandworstindividual();

//}

void CMVSOGA:: calculateobjectvalue() //计算函数值,应该由外部函数实现。主要因为目标函数很复杂。

{

int i,j;

double x[variablenum];

for (i=0; i<popsize; i++)

{

current=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(i));

current.value=0;

//使用外部函数进行,在此只做结果的传递。

for (j=0;j<variablenum;j++)

{

x[j]=current.chromosome[j];

current.value=current.value+(j+1)*pow(x[j],4);

}

////使用外部函数进行,在此只做结果的传递。

population.SetAt(population.FindIndex(i),current);

}

}

void CMVSOGA::mutationoperator() //对于浮点数编码,变异算子的选择具有决定意义。

//需要guass正态分布函数,生成方差为sigma,均值为浮点数编码值c。

{

// srand((unsigned int) time (NULL));

int i,j;

double r1,r2,p,sigma;//sigma高斯变异参数

for (i=0;i<popsize;i++)

{

current=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(i));

//生成均值为current.chromosome,方差为sigma的高斯分布数

for(j=0; j<variablenum; j++)

{

r1 = double(rand()%10001)/10000;

r2 = double(rand()%10001)/10000;

p = double(rand()%10000)/10000;

if(p<mutationrate)

{

double sign;

sign=rand()%2;

sigma=0.01*(variabletop[j]-variablebottom [j]);

//高斯变异

if(sign)

{

current.chromosome[j] = (current.chromosome[j]

+ sigma*sqrt(-2*log(r1)/0.4323)*sin(2*3.1415926*r2));

}

else

{

current.chromosome[j] = (current.chromosome[j]

- sigma*sqrt(-2*log(r1)/0.4323)*sin(2*3.1415926*r2));

}

if (current.chromosome[j]>variabletop[j])

{

current.chromosome[j]=double(rand()%10000)/10000*(variabletop[j]-variablebottom[j])+variablebottom[j];

}

if (current.chromosome[j]<variablebottom [j])

{

current.chromosome[j]=double(rand()%10000)/10000*(variabletop[j]-variablebottom[j])+variablebottom[j];

}

}

}

population.SetAt(population.FindIndex(i),current);

}

}

void CMVSOGA::selectionoperator() //从当前个体中按概率选择新种群,应该加一个复制选择,提高种群的平均适应度

{

int i,j,pindex=0;

double p,pc,sum;

i=0;

j=0;

pindex=0;

p=0;

pc=0;

sum=0.001;

newpopulation.RemoveAll();

cfitness.RemoveAll();

//链表排序

// population.SetAt (population.FindIndex(0),current); //多余代码

for (i=1;i<popsize;i++)

{

current=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(i));

for(j=0;j<i;j++) //从小到大用before排列。

{

current1=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(j));//临时借用变量

if(current.fitness<=current1.fitness)

{

population.InsertBefore(population.FindIndex(j),current);

population.RemoveAt(population.FindIndex(i+1));

break;

}

}

// m=population.GetCount();

}

//链表排序

for(i=0;i<popsize;i++)//求适应度总值,以便归一化,是已经排序好的链。

{

current=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(i)); //取出来的值出现问题.

sum+=current.fitness;

}

for(i=0;i<popsize; i++)//归一化

{

current=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(i)); //population 有值,为什么取出来的不正确呢??

current.fitness=current.fitness/sum;

cfitness.InsertAfter (cfitness .FindIndex(i),current.fitness);

}

for(i=1;i<popsize; i++)//概率值从小到大;

{

current.fitness=cfitness.GetAt (cfitness.FindIndex(i-1))

+cfitness.GetAt(cfitness.FindIndex(i)); //归一化

cfitness.SetAt (cfitness .FindIndex(i),current.fitness);

population.SetAt(population.FindIndex(i),current);

}

for (i=0;i<popsize;)//轮盘赌概率选择。本段还有问题。

{

p=double(rand()%999)/1000+0.0001; //随机生成概率

pindex=0; //遍历索引

pc=cfitness.GetAt(cfitness.FindIndex(1)); //为什么取不到数值???20060910

while(p>=pc&&pindex<popsize) //问题所在。

{

pc=cfitness.GetAt(cfitness .FindIndex(pindex));

pindex++;

}

//必须是从index~popsize,选择高概率的数。即大于概率p的数应该被选择,选择不满则进行下次选择。

for (j=popsize-1;j<pindex&&i<popsize;j--)

{

newpopulation.InsertAfter (newpopulation.FindIndex(0),

population.GetAt (population.FindIndex(j)));

i++;

}

}

for(i=0;i<popsize; i++)

{

population.SetAt (population.FindIndex(i),

newpopulation.GetAt (newpopulation.FindIndex(i)));

}

// j=newpopulation.GetCount();

// j=population.GetCount();

newpopulation.RemoveAll();

}

//current 变化后,以上没有问题了。

void CMVSOGA:: crossoveroperator() //非均匀算术线性交叉,浮点数适用,alpha ,beta是(0,1)之间的随机数

//对种群中两两交叉的个体选择也是随机选择的。也可取beta=1-alpha;

//current的变化会有一些改变。

{

int i,j;

double alpha,beta;

CList <int,int> index;

int point,temp;

double p;

// srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) );

for (i=0;i<popsize;i++)//生成序号

{

index.InsertAfter (index.FindIndex(i),i);

}

for (i=0;i<popsize;i++)//打乱序号

{

point=rand()%(popsize-1);

temp=index.GetAt(index.FindIndex(i));

index.SetAt(index.FindIndex(i),

index.GetAt(index.FindIndex(point)));

index.SetAt(index.FindIndex(point),temp);

}

for (i=0;i<popsize-1;i+=2)

{//按顺序序号,按序号选择两个母体进行交叉操作。

p=double(rand()%10000)/10000.0;

if (p<crossoverrate)

{

alpha=double(rand()%10000)/10000.0;

beta=double(rand()%10000)/10000.0;

current=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(index.GetAt(index.FindIndex(i))));

current1=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(index.GetAt(index.FindIndex(i+1))));//临时使用current1代替

for(j=0;j<variablenum;j++)

{

//交叉

double sign;

sign=rand()%2;

if(sign)

{

current.chromosome[j]=(1-alpha)*current.chromosome[j]+

beta*current1.chromosome[j];

}

else

{

current.chromosome[j]=(1-alpha)*current.chromosome[j]-

beta*current1.chromosome[j];

}

if (current.chromosome[j]>variabletop[j]) //判断是否超界.

{

current.chromosome[j]=double(rand()%10000)/10000*(variabletop[j]-variablebottom[j])+variablebottom[j];

}

if (current.chromosome[j]<variablebottom [j])

{

current.chromosome[j]=double(rand()%10000)/10000*(variabletop[j]-variablebottom[j])+variablebottom[j];

}

if(sign)

{

current1.chromosome[j]=alpha*current.chromosome[j]+

(1- beta)*current1.chromosome[j];

}

else

{

current1.chromosome[j]=alpha*current.chromosome[j]-

(1- beta)*current1.chromosome[j];

}

if (current1.chromosome[j]>variabletop[j])

{

current1.chromosome[j]=double(rand()%10000)/10000*(variabletop[j]-variablebottom[j])+variablebottom[j];

}

if (current1.chromosome[j]<variablebottom [j])

{

current1.chromosome[j]=double(rand()%10000)/10000*(variabletop[j]-variablebottom[j])+variablebottom[j];

}

}

//回代

}

newpopulation.InsertAfter (newpopulation.FindIndex(i),current);

newpopulation.InsertAfter (newpopulation.FindIndex(i),current1);

}

ASSERT(newpopulation.GetCount()==popsize);

for (i=0;i<popsize;i++)

{

population.SetAt (population.FindIndex(i),

newpopulation.GetAt (newpopulation.FindIndex(i)));

}

newpopulation.RemoveAll();

index.RemoveAll();

}

void CMVSOGA:: findbestandworstindividual( )

{

int i;

bestindividual=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(best_index));

worstindividual=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(worst_index));

for (i=1;i<popsize; i++)

{

current=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(i));

if (current.fitness>bestindividual.fitness)

{

bestindividual=current;

best_index=i;

}

else if (current.fitness<worstindividual.fitness)

{

worstindividual=current;

worst_index=i;

}

}

population.SetAt(population.FindIndex(worst_index),

population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(best_index)));

//用最好的替代最差的。

if (maxgeneration==0)

{

currentbest=bestindividual;

}

else

{

if(bestindividual.fitness>=currentbest.fitness)

{

currentbest=bestindividual;

}

}

}

void CMVSOGA:: calculatefitnessvalue() //适应度函数值计算,关键是适应度函数的设计

//current变化,这段程序变化较大,特别是排序。

{

int i;

double temp;//alpha,beta;//适应度函数的尺度变化系数

double cmax=100;

for(i=0;i<popsize;i++)

{

current=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(i));

if(current.value<cmax)

{

temp=cmax-current.value;

}

else

{

temp=0.0;

}

/*

if((population[i].value+cmin)>0.0)

{temp=cmin+population[i].value;}

else

{temp=0.0;

}

*/

current.fitness=temp;

population.SetAt(population.FindIndex(i),current);

}

}

void CMVSOGA:: performevolution() //演示评价结果,有冗余代码,current变化,程序应该改变较大

{

if (bestindividual.fitness>currentbest.fitness)

{

currentbest=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(best_index));

}

else

{

population.SetAt(population.FindIndex(worst_index),currentbest);

}

}

void CMVSOGA::GetResult(double *Result)

{

int i;

for (i=0;i<variablenum;i++)

{

Result[i]=currentbest.chromosome[i];

}

Result[i]=currentbest.value;

}

void CMVSOGA::GetPopData(CList <double,double>&PopData)

{

PopData.RemoveAll();

int i,j;

for (i=0;i<popsize;i++)

{

current=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(i));

for (j=0;j<variablenum;j++)

{

PopData.AddTail(current.chromosome[j]);

}

}

}

void CMVSOGA::SetFitnessData(CList <double,double>&PopData,CList <double,double>&FitnessData,CList <double,double>&ValueData)

{

int i,j;

for (i=0;i<popsize;i++)

{

current=population.GetAt(population.FindIndex(i)); //就因为这一句,出现了很大的问题。

for (j=0;j<variablenum;j++)

{

current.chromosome[j]=PopData.GetAt(PopData.FindIndex(i*variablenum+j));

}

current.fitness=FitnessData.GetAt(FitnessData.FindIndex(i));

current.value=ValueData.GetAt(ValueData.FindIndex(i));

population.SetAt(population.FindIndex(i),current);

}

FitnessData.RemoveAll();

PopData.RemoveAll();

ValueData.RemoveAll();

}

# re: C++遗传算法源程序

/********************************************************************

Filename: aiWorld.h

Purpose: 遗传算法,花朵演化。

Id:

Copyright:

Licence:

*********************************************************************/

#ifndef AIWORLD_H_

#define AIWORLD_H_

#include <iostream>

#include <ctime>

#include <cstdlib>

#include <cmath>

#define kMaxFlowers 10

using std::cout;

using std::endl;

class ai_World

{

public:

ai_World()

{

srand(time(0));

}

~ai_World() {}

int temperature[kMaxFlowers]; //温度

int water[kMaxFlowers]; //水质

int sunlight[kMaxFlowers]; //阳光

int nutrient[kMaxFlowers]; //养分

int beneficialInsect[kMaxFlowers]; //益虫

int harmfulInsect[kMaxFlowers]; //害虫

int currentTemperature;

int currentWater;

int currentSunlight;

int currentNutrient;

int currentBeneficialInsect;

int currentHarmfulInsect;

/**

第一代花朵

*/

void Encode();

/**

花朵适合函数

*/

int Fitness(int flower);

/**

花朵演化

*/

void Evolve();

/**

返回区间[start, end]的随机数

*/

inline int tb_Rnd(int start, int end)

{

if (start > end)

return 0;

else

{

//srand(time(0));

return (rand() % (end + 1) + start);

}

}

/**

显示数值

*/

void show();

};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------- //

void ai_World::Encode()

// ----------------------------------------------------------------- //

{

int i;

for (i=0;i<kMaxFlowers;i++)

{

temperature[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

water[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

sunlight[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

nutrient[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

beneficialInsect[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

harmfulInsect[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

}

currentTemperature=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentWater=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentSunlight=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentNutrient=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentBeneficialInsect=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentHarmfulInsect=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentTemperature=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentWater=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentSunlight=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentNutrient=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentBeneficialInsect=tb_Rnd(1,75);

currentHarmfulInsect=tb_Rnd(1,75);

}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------- //

int ai_World::Fitness(int flower)

// ----------------------------------------------------------------- //

{

int theFitness;

theFitness=abs(temperature[flower]-currentTemperature);

theFitness=theFitness+abs(water[flower]-currentWater);

theFitness=theFitness+abs(sunlight[flower]-currentSunlight);

theFitness=theFitness+abs(nutrient[flower]-currentNutrient);

theFitness=theFitness+abs(beneficialInsect[flower]-currentBeneficialInsect);

theFitness=theFitness+abs(harmfulInsect[flower]-currentHarmfulInsect);

return (theFitness);

}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------- //

void ai_World::Evolve()

// ----------------------------------------------------------------- //

{

int fitTemperature[kMaxFlowers];

int fitWater[kMaxFlowers];

int fitSunlight[kMaxFlowers];

int fitNutrient[kMaxFlowers];

int fitBeneficialInsect[kMaxFlowers];

int fitHarmfulInsect[kMaxFlowers];

int fitness[kMaxFlowers];

int i;

int leastFit=0;

int leastFitIndex;

for (i=0;i<kMaxFlowers;i++)

if (Fitness(i)>leastFit)

{

leastFit=Fitness(i);

leastFitIndex=i;

}

temperature[leastFitIndex]=temperature[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

water[leastFitIndex]=water[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

sunlight[leastFitIndex]=sunlight[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

nutrient[leastFitIndex]=nutrient[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

beneficialInsect[leastFitIndex]=beneficialInsect[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

harmfulInsect[leastFitIndex]=harmfulInsect[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

for (i=0;i<kMaxFlowers;i++)

{

fitTemperature[i]=temperature[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

fitWater[i]=water[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

fitSunlight[i]=sunlight[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

fitNutrient[i]=nutrient[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

fitBeneficialInsect[i]=beneficialInsect[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

fitHarmfulInsect[i]=harmfulInsect[tb_Rnd(0,kMaxFlowers - 1)];

}

for (i=0;i<kMaxFlowers;i++)

{

temperature[i]=fitTemperature[i];

water[i]=fitWater[i];

sunlight[i]=fitSunlight[i];

nutrient[i]=fitNutrient[i];

beneficialInsect[i]=fitBeneficialInsect[i];

harmfulInsect[i]=fitHarmfulInsect[i];

}

for (i=0;i<kMaxFlowers;i++)

{

if (tb_Rnd(1,100)==1)

temperature[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

if (tb_Rnd(1,100)==1)

water[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

if (tb_Rnd(1,100)==1)

sunlight[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

if (tb_Rnd(1,100)==1)

nutrient[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

if (tb_Rnd(1,100)==1)

beneficialInsect[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

if (tb_Rnd(1,100)==1)

harmfulInsect[i]=tb_Rnd(1,75);

}

}

void ai_World::show()

{

// cout << "/t temperature water sunlight nutrient beneficialInsect harmfulInsect/n";

cout << "current/t " << currentTemperature << "/t " << currentWater << "/t ";

cout << currentSunlight << "/t " << currentNutrient << "/t ";

cout << currentBeneficialInsect << "/t " << currentHarmfulInsect << "/n";

for (int i=0;i<kMaxFlowers;i++)

{

cout << "Flower " << i << ": ";

cout << temperature[i] << "/t ";

cout << water[i] << "/t ";

cout << sunlight[i] << "/t ";

cout << nutrient[i] << "/t ";

cout << beneficialInsect[i] << "/t ";

cout << harmfulInsect[i] << "/t ";

cout << endl;

}

}

#endif // AIWORLD_H_

//test.cpp

#include <iostream>

#include "ai_World.h"

using namespace std;

int main()

{

ai_World a;

a.Encode();

// a.show();

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

{

cout << "Generation " << i << endl;

a.Evolve();

a.show();

}

system("PAUSE");

return 0;

}

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