OpenStack Heat AutoScaling详解及实例代码

2025-05-27 0 61

OpenStack Heat AutoScaling

一、背景

Openstack的Heat是在H版之后加入的组件,旨在创建一套业务流程,更轻松的管理一个集群。集群内的虚拟机可以作为一个整体,统一的为客户提供服务。Heat中把功能定义成资源,在Heat中会用到Nova,Neutron,Ceilometer等组件,这些都可以看成是资源,通过模板文件来描述,模板文件可以是yaml格式,也可以是json格式,一般是yaml格式。
AutoScaling的概念最早出现在AWS,AutoScaling是一项Web服务,目的是根据用户定义的策略,时间表的运行状态检查启动或终止虚拟机,达到自动伸缩。

Openstack里的Auto Scale是由Heat和Ceilometer模块一起配合完成的。Ceilometer负责收集处理性能数据,一旦达到Heat模版里定义的阀值,就发告警信息给heat-engine,由heat-engine调动Heat模版里定义的其它的OpenStack资源实现auto scale。

二、Heat AutoScaling Resources

实现AutoScaling功能涉及到的资源如下:

1.AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup

伸缩组是具有相同应用场景的实例的集合,定义了组内实例数的最大值和最小值,冷却时间等等。
注:冷却时间是指一个伸缩活动后的一段锁定时间,在这个时间内不能进行其他的伸缩活动。

语法如下:

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{

"Type" : "AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup",

"Properties" : {

"AvailabilityZones" : [ String, ... ],

"Cooldown" : String,

"DesiredCapacity" : String,

"HealthCheckGracePeriod" : Integer,

"HealthCheckType" : String,

"InstanceId" : String,

"LaunchConfigurationName" : String,

"LoadBalancerNames" : [ String, ... ],

"MaxSize" : String,

"MetricsCollection" : [ MetricsCollection, ... ]

"MinSize" : String,

"NotificationConfigurations" : [ NotificationConfigurations, ... ],

"PlacementGroup" : String,

"Tags" : [ Auto Scaling Tag, ..., ],

"TargetGroupARNs" : [ String, ... ],

"TerminationPolicies" : [ String, ..., ],

"VPCZoneIdentifier" : [ String, ... ]

}

}

2.AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration

伸缩配置定义了用于弹性伸缩的实例的配置。由AutoScalingGroup用于配置组内的实例。

语法如下:

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{

"Type" : "AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration",

"Properties" : {

"AssociatePublicIpAddress" : Boolean,

"BlockDeviceMappings" : [ BlockDeviceMapping, ... ],

"ClassicLinkVPCId" : String,

"ClassicLinkVPCSecurityGroups" : [ String, ... ],

"EbsOptimized" : Boolean,

"IamInstanceProfile" : String,

"ImageId" : String,

"InstanceId" : String,

"InstanceMonitoring" : Boolean,

"InstanceType" : String,

"KernelId" : String,

"KeyName" : String,

"PlacementTenancy" : String,

"RamDiskId" : String,

"SecurityGroups" : [ SecurityGroup, ... ],

"SpotPrice" : String,

"UserData" : String

}

}

3.AWS::AutoScaling::ScalingPolicy

为auto scale group添加伸缩的策略,定义了具体的扩展或者收缩的操作,以及伸缩的数量。

语法如下:

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{

"Type" : "AWS::AutoScaling::ScalingPolicy",

"Properties" : {

"AdjustmentType" : String,

"AutoScalingGroupName" : String,

"Cooldown" : String,

"EstimatedInstanceWarmup" : Integer,

"MetricAggregationType" : String,

"MinAdjustmentMagnitude" : Integer,

"PolicyType" : String,

"ScalingAdjustment" : Integer,

"StepAdjustments" : [ StepAdjustments, ... ]

}

}

此外,HeatAutoScaling还需配合OS::Ceilometer::Alarm使用,由Alarm监控实例的运行状况,一旦超过阈值,则会产生告警。

三、 Heat AutoScaling Template

下面是一个简单的例子:

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heat_template_version: 2013-05-23

description: Heat template for autoscaling

parameters:#定义一些变量

flavor:

type: string

default: m1.small

image:

type: string

default: 1a2b3c4f-1a2b-3c4f-5d6e-4130ff5203de

availability_zone:

type: string

default: nova

alarm_scaleout_threshold:#阈值

type: number

default: 80

alarm_scalein_threshold:#阈值

type: number

default: 20

resources:

neutron_network:

type: OS::Neutron::Net

properties:

name: {get_param: "OS::stack_name"}

neutron_subnet:

type: OS::Neutron::Subnet

properties:

name: {get_param: "OS::stack_name"}

network_id: { get_resource: neutron_network }

cidr: '192.168.111.0/24'

gateway_ip: '192.168.111.1'

allocation_pools:

- start: '192.168.111.2'

end: '192.168.111.254'

neutron_router:

type: OS::Neutron::Router

properties:

name: {get_param: "OS::stack_name"}

add_router_interface:

type: OS::Neutron::RouterInterface

properties:

router_id: { get_resource: neutron_router }

subnet_id: { get_resource: neutron_subnet }

nova_server_security_group:

type: OS::Neutron::SecurityGroup

properties:

description: 'security group for VM'

name: {get_param: "OS::stack_name"}

rules: [

{direction: 'ingress',

remote_ip_prefix: '0.0.0.0/0',

port_range_min: 0,

port_range_max: 30000,

ethertype: IPv4,

protocol: 'tcp'},

{direction: 'egress',

remote_ip_prefix: '0.0.0.0/0',

port_range_min: 0,

port_range_max: 65535,

ethertype: 'IPv4',

protocol: 'tcp'},

{direction: 'egress',

remote_ip_prefix: '0.0.0.0/0',

port_range_min: 0,

port_range_max: 65535,

ethertype: 'IPv4',

protocol: 'udp'},

{direction: 'ingress',

remote_ip_prefix: '0.0.0.0/0',

port_range_min: null,

port_range_max: null,

ethertype: 'IPv4',

protocol: 'icmp'},

{direction: egress,

remote_ip_prefix: '0.0.0.0/0',

port_range_min: null,

port_range_max: null,

ethertype: 'IPv4',

protocol: 'icmp'}

]

launch_config:#Scale group中的实例的配置

type: AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration

properties:

ImageId: { get_param: image }#实例使用的image

InstanceType: { get_param: flavor }#实例使用的flavor

SecurityGroups: [ get_resource: nova_server_security_group ]

UserData: |#实例启动时运行的脚本

#!/bin/bash

passwd root << EOD

123456

123456

EOD

server_group:#伸缩组

type: AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup

properties:

AvailabilityZones: []

Cooldown: '60'#冷却时间

LaunchConfigurationName: { get_resource: launch_config }#组中实例的配置

MinSize: '1'#最小实例数

MaxSize: '4'#最大实例数

VPCZoneIdentifier: [ get_resource: neutron_subnet ]

scaleout_policy:#向上扩展的策略

type: AWS::AutoScaling::ScalingPolicy

properties:

AdjustmentType: ChangeInCapacity

#heat 支持三种调整方式:change_in_capacity (new = current + adjustment), #exact_capacity (new = adjustment), percent_change_in_capacity (在current 的基#础上上按照 adjustment 的 百分比调整)

AutoScalingGroupName: { get_resource: server_group }

ScalingAdjustment: '1'#每次的调整量,即增加一个实例

scalein_policy:#向下收缩的策略

type: AWS::AutoScaling::ScalingPolicy

properties:

AdjustmentType: ChangeInCapacity

AutoScalingGroupName: { get_resource: server_group }

ScalingAdjustment: '-1'#每次的调整量,即减少一个实例

neutron_port:

type: OS::Neutron::Port

properties:

network_id: { get_resource: neutron_network }

fixed_ips:

- subnet_id: { get_resource: neutron_subnet }

security_groups: [ { get_resource: nova_server_security_group } ]

alarm_scaleout: #定义一个 ceilometer alarm

type: OS::Ceilometer::Alarm

properties:

description: Scale-up if the average CPU > 80% for 10 minute

meter_name: cpu_util #监控虚拟机的 cpu_util

statistic: avg #statistic 的计算方法为 avg 即平均值法

period: 600 #统计周期

evaluation_periods: 1 #连续几个周期才算有效

repeat_actions: true

threshold: { get_param: alarm_scaleout_threshold }# cpu_util 的阈值

alarm_actions: #该告警在alarm 状态时的 action。

- {get_attr: [scaleout_policy, AlarmUrl]}

matching_metadata: {'metadata.user_metadata.groupname': {get_resource: 'server_group'}}

comparison_operator: gt #检测值和阈值的比较方式为 gt 即大于

alarm_scalein:

type: OS::Ceilometer::Alarm

properties:

description: Scale-down if the average CPU < 20% for 10 minutes

meter_name: cpu_util

statistic: avg

period: 600

evaluation_periods: 1

repeat_actions: true

threshold: { get_param: alarm_scalein_threshold }

alarm_actions:

- {get_attr: [scalein_policy, AlarmUrl]}

matching_metadata: {'metadata.user_metadata.groupname': {get_resource: 'server_group'}}

comparison_operator: lt#检测值和阈值的比较方式为 lt 即小于

outputs:

scale_in_url:

value: { get_attr: [ scalein_policy, AlarmUrl ] }

scale_out_url:

value: { get_attr: [ scaleout_policy, AlarmUrl ] }

这个stack的功能是监控实例的CPU使用率,当CPU使用率大于80%时,将会启动一个新的实例,当CPU使用率小于20%,将会减少一个实例。

感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!

原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/heaven619/article/details/53420220

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