Java中LocalCache本地缓存实现代码

2025-05-29 0 83

前言

本次分享探讨java平台的本地缓存,是指占用JVM的heap区域来缓冲存储数据的缓存组件。

一、本地缓存应用场景

localcache有着极大的性能优势:

1. 单机情况下适当使用localcache会使应用的性能得到很大的提升。

2. 集群环境下对于敏感性要求不高的数据可以使用localcache,只配置简单的失效机制来保证数据的相对一致性。

哪些数据可以存储到本地缓存

1.访问频繁的数据;

2.静态基础数据(长时间内不变的数据);

3.相对静态数据(短时间内不变的数据)。

二、java本地缓存标准

Java缓存新标准(javax.cache),这个标准由JSR107所提出,已经被包含在Java EE 7中。

特性:
1.原子操作,跟java.util.ConcurrentMap类似
2.从缓存中读取
3.写入缓存
4.缓存事件监听器
5.数据统计
6.包含所有隔离(ioslation)级别的事务
7.缓存注解(annotations)
8.保存定义key和值类型的泛型缓存
9.引用保存(只适用于堆缓存)和值保存定义

但目前应用不是很普遍。

三、java开源缓存框架

比较有名的本地缓存开源框架有:

1.EHCache

EHCache是一个纯java的在进程中的缓存,它具有以下特性:快速,简单,为Hibernate2.1充当可插入的缓存,最小的依赖性,全面的文档和测试。

BUG: 过期失效的缓存元素无法被GC掉,时间越长缓存越多,内存占用越大,导致内存泄漏的概率越大。

2.OSCache

OSCache有以下特点:缓存任何对象,你可以不受限制的缓存部分jsp页面或HTTP请求,任何java对象都可以缓存。拥有全面的API–OSCache API给你全面的程序来控制所有的OSCache特性。永久缓存–缓存能随意的写入硬盘,因此允许昂贵的创建(expensive-to-create)数据来保持缓存,甚至能让应用重启。支持集群–集群缓存数据能被单个的进行参数配置,不需要修改代码。缓存记录的过期–你可以有最大限度的控制缓存对象的过期,包括可插入式的刷新策略(如果默认性能不需要时)。

3.JCache

Java缓存新标准(javax.cache)

4.cache4j

cache4j是一个有简单API与实现快速的Java对象缓存。它的特性包括:在内存中进行缓存,设计用于多线程环境,两种实现:同步与阻塞,多种缓存清除策略:LFU, LRU, FIFO,可使用强引用。

5.ShiftOne

ShiftOne Java Object Cache是一个执行一系列严格的对象缓存策略的Java lib,就像一个轻量级的配置缓存工作状态的框架。

6.WhirlyCache

Whirlycache是一个快速的、可配置的、存在于内存中的对象的缓存。

四、LocalCache实现

1、LocalCache简介

LocalCache是一个精简版本地缓存组件,有以下特点:

1. 有容量上限maxCapacity;
2. 缓存达到容量上限时基于LRU策略来移除缓存元素;
3. 缓存对象的生命周期(缓存失效时间)由调用方决定;
4. 缓存对象失效后,将会有定时清理线程来清理掉,不会导致内存泄漏。
5. 性能比Ehcache稍强。

2、总体设计

LocalCache总体设计:

1. 缓存元素 CacheElement;
2. 缓存容器 LRULinkedHashMap;
3. 缓存接口 Cache;
4. 缓存组件实现 LocalCache

3、详细设计

1. CacheElement设计

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/**

* 缓存元素

*

*/

public class CacheElement {

private Object key;

private Object value;

private long createTime;

private long lifeTime;

private int hitCount;

public CacheElement() {

}

public CacheElement(Object key ,Object value) {

this.key = key;

this.value = value;

this.createTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

}

public Object getKey() {

return key;

}

public void setKey(Object key) {

this.key = key;

}

public Object getValue() {

hitCount++;

return value;

}

public void setValue(Object value) {

this.value = value;

}

public long getCreateTime() {

return createTime;

}

public void setCreateTime(long createTime) {

this.createTime = createTime;

}

public int getHitCount() {

return hitCount;

}

public void setHitCount(int hitCount) {

this.hitCount = hitCount;

}

public long getLifeTime() {

return lifeTime;

}

public void setLifeTime(long lifeTime) {

this.lifeTime = lifeTime;

}

public boolean isExpired() {

boolean isExpired = System.currentTimeMillis() - getCreateTime() > getLifeTime();

return isExpired;

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see java.lang.Object#toString()

*/

public String toString() {

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

sb.append("[ key=").append(key).append(", isExpired=").append(isExpired())

.append(", lifeTime=").append(lifeTime).append(", createTime=").append(createTime)

.append(", hitCount=").append(hitCount)

.append(", value=").append(value).append(" ]");

return sb.toString();

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see java.lang.Object#hashCode()

*/

public final int hashCode(){

if(null == key){

return "".hashCode();

}

return this.key.hashCode();

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)

*/

public final boolean equals(Object object) {

if ((object == null) || (!(object instanceof CacheElement))) {

return false;

}

CacheElement element = (CacheElement) object;

if ((this.key == null) || (element.getKey() == null)) {

return false;

}

return this.key.equals(element.getKey());

}

}

2. LRULinkedHashMap实现

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import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

import java.util.Set;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**

* 实现 LRU策略的 LinkedHashMap

*

* @param <K>

* @param <V>

*/

public class LRULinkedHashMap<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V>

{

protected static final long serialVersionUID = 2828675280716975892L;

protected static final int DEFAULT_MAX_ENTRIES = 100;

protected final int initialCapacity;

protected final int maxCapacity;

protected boolean enableRemoveEldestEntry = true;//是否允许自动移除比较旧的元素(添加元素时)

protected static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.8f;

protected final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

public LRULinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity)

{

this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_MAX_ENTRIES);

}

public LRULinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity ,int maxCapacity)

{

//set accessOrder=true, LRU

super(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, true);

this.initialCapacity = initialCapacity;

this.maxCapacity = maxCapacity;

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see java.util.LinkedHashMap#removeEldestEntry(java.util.Map.Entry)

*/

protected boolean removeEldestEntry(java.util.Map.Entry<K, V> eldest)

{

return enableRemoveEldestEntry && ( size() > maxCapacity );

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see java.util.LinkedHashMap#get(java.lang.Object)

*/

public V get(Object key)

{

try {

lock.lock();

return super.get(key);

}

finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see java.util.HashMap#put(java.lang.Object, java.lang.Object)

*/

public V put(K key, V value)

{

try {

lock.lock();

return super.put(key, value);

}

finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see java.util.HashMap#remove(java.lang.Object)

*/

public V remove(Object key) {

try {

lock.lock();

return super.remove(key);

}

finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see java.util.LinkedHashMap#clear()

*/

public void clear() {

try {

lock.lock();

super.clear();

}

finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

* @see java.util.HashMap#keySet()

*/

public Set<K> keySet() {

try {

lock.lock();

return super.keySet();

}

finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

public boolean isEnableRemoveEldestEntry() {

return enableRemoveEldestEntry;

}

public void setEnableRemoveEldestEntry(boolean enableRemoveEldestEntry) {

this.enableRemoveEldestEntry = enableRemoveEldestEntry;

}

public int getInitialCapacity() {

return initialCapacity;

}

public int getMaxCapacity() {

return maxCapacity;

}

}

3. Cache接口设计

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/**

* 缓存接口

*

*/

public interface Cache {

/**

* 获取缓存

* @param key

* @return

*/

public <T> T getCache(Object key);

/**

* 缓存对象

* @param key

* @param value

* @param milliSecond 缓存生命周期(毫秒)

*/

public void putCache(Object key, Object value ,Long milliSecond);

/**

* 缓存容器中是否包含 key

* @param key

* @return

*/

public boolean containsKey(Object key);

/**

* 缓存列表大小

* @return

*/

public int getSize();

/**

* 是否启用缓存

*/

public boolean isEnabled();

/**

* 启用 或 停止

* @param enable

*/

public void setEnabled(boolean enabled);

/**

* 移除所有缓存

*/

public void invalidateCaches();

/**

* 移除 指定key缓存

* @param key

*/

public void invalidateCache(Object key);

}

4. LocalCache实现

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import java.util.Date;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.Random;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**

* 本地缓存组件

*/

public class LocalCache implements Cache{

private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

private LRULinkedHashMap<Object, CacheElement> cacheMap;

protected boolean initFlag = false;//初始化标识

protected final long defaultLifeTime = 5 * 60 * 1000;//5分钟

protected boolean warnLongerLifeTime = false;

protected final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 100;

protected final int DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY = 100000;

protected int initialCapacity = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;//初始化缓存容量

protected int maxCapacity = DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY;//最大缓存容量

protected int timeout = 20;//存取缓存操作响应超时时间(毫秒数)

private boolean enabled = true;

private Thread gcThread = null;

private String lastGCInfo = null;//最后一次GC清理信息{ size, removeCount, time ,nowTime}

private boolean logGCDetail = false;//记录gc清理细节

private boolean enableGC = true;//是否允许清理的缓存(添加元素时)

private int gcMode = 0;//清理过期元素模式 { 0=迭代模式 ; 1=随机模式 }

private int gcIntervalTime = 2 * 60 * 1000;//间隔时间(分钟)

private boolean iterateScanAll = true;//是否迭代扫描全部

private float gcFactor = 0.5F;//清理百分比

private int maxIterateSize = DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY/2;//迭代模式下一次最大迭代数量

private volatile int iterateLastIndex = 0;//最后迭代下标

private int maxRandomTimes = 100;//随机模式下最大随机次数

protected final static Random random = new Random();

private static LocalCache instance = new LocalCache();

public static LocalCache getInstance() {

return instance;

}

private LocalCache(){

this.init();

}

protected synchronized void init() {

if(initFlag){

logger.warn("init repeat.");

return ;

}

this.initCache();

this.startGCDaemonThread();

initFlag = true;

if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){

logger.info("init -- OK");

}

}

private void startGCDaemonThread(){

if(initFlag){

return ;

}

this.maxIterateSize = maxCapacity /2;

try{

this.gcThread = new Thread() {

public void run() {

logger.info("[" + (Thread.currentThread().getName()) + "]start...");

//sleep

try {

Thread.sleep(getGcIntervalTime() < 30000 ? 30000 : getGcIntervalTime());

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

while( true ){

//gc

gc();

//sleep

try {

Thread.sleep(getGcIntervalTime() < 30000 ? 30000 : getGcIntervalTime());

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

};

this.gcThread.setName("localCache-gcThread");

this.gcThread.setDaemon(true);

this.gcThread.start();

if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){

logger.info("startGCDaemonThread -- OK");

}

}catch(Exception e){

logger.error("[localCache gc]DaemonThread -- error: " + e.getMessage(), e);

}

}

private void initCache(){

if(initFlag){

return ;

}

initialCapacity = (initialCapacity <= 0 ? DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY : initialCapacity);

maxCapacity = (maxCapacity < initialCapacity ? DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY : maxCapacity);

cacheMap = new LRULinkedHashMap<Object, CacheElement>(initialCapacity ,maxCapacity);

if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){

logger.info("initCache -- OK");

}

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

*/

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

public <T> T getCache(Object key) {

if(!isEnabled()){

return null;

}

long st = System.currentTimeMillis();

T objValue = null;

CacheElement cacheObj = cacheMap.get(key);

if (isExpiredCache(cacheObj)) {

cacheMap.remove(key);

}else {

objValue = (T) (cacheObj == null ? null : cacheObj.getValue());

}

long et = System.currentTimeMillis();

if((et - st)>timeout){

if(this.logger.isWarnEnabled()){

this.logger.warn("getCache_timeout_" + (et - st) + "_[" + key + "]");

}

}

if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){

String message = ("get( " + key + ") return: " + objValue);

logger.debug(message);

}

return objValue;

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

*/

public void putCache(Object key, Object value ,Long lifeTime) {

if(!isEnabled()){

return;

}

Long st = System.currentTimeMillis();

lifeTime = (null == lifeTime ? defaultLifeTime : lifeTime);

CacheElement cacheObj = new CacheElement();

cacheObj.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());

cacheObj.setLifeTime(lifeTime);

cacheObj.setValue(value);

cacheObj.setKey(key);

cacheMap.put(key, cacheObj);

long et = System.currentTimeMillis();

if((et - st)>timeout){

if(this.logger.isWarnEnabled()){

this.logger.warn("putCache_timeout_" + (et - st) + "_[" + key + "]");

}

}

if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){

String message = ("putCache( " + cacheObj + " ) , 耗时 " + (et - st) + "(毫秒).");

logger.debug(message);

}

if(lifeTime > defaultLifeTime && this.isWarnLongerLifeTime()){

if(logger.isWarnEnabled()){

String message = ("LifeTime[" + (lifeTime/1000) + "秒] too long for putCache(" + cacheObj + ")");

logger.warn(message);

}

}

}

/**

* key 是否过期

* @param key

* @return

*/

protected boolean isExpiredKey(Object key) {

CacheElement cacheObj = cacheMap.get(key);

return this.isExpiredCache(cacheObj);

}

/**

* cacheObj 是否过期

* @param key

* @return

*/

protected boolean isExpiredCache(CacheElement cacheObj) {

if (cacheObj == null) {

return false;

}

return cacheObj.isExpired();

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

*/

public void invalidateCaches(){

try{

cacheMap.clear();

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

*/

public void invalidateCache(Object key){

try{

cacheMap.remove(key);

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

*/

public boolean containsKey(Object key) {

return cacheMap.containsKey(key);

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

*/

public int getSize() {

return cacheMap.size();

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

*/

public Iterator<Object> getKeyIterator() {

return cacheMap.keySet().iterator();

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

*/

public boolean isEnabled() {

return this.enabled;

}

/*

* (non-Javadoc)

*/

public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {

this.enabled = enabled;

if(!this.enabled){

//清理缓存

this.invalidateCaches();

}

}

/**

* 清理过期缓存

*/

protected synchronized boolean gc(){

if(!isEnableGC()){

return false;

}

try{

iterateRemoveExpiredCache();

}catch(Exception e){

logger.error("gc() has error: " + e.getMessage(), e);

}

return true;

}

/**

* 迭代模式 - 移除过期的 key

* @param exceptKey

*/

private void iterateRemoveExpiredCache(){

long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

int size = cacheMap.size();

if(size ==0){

return;

}

int keyCount = 0;

int removedCount = 0 ;

int startIndex = 0;

int endIndex = 0;

try{

Object [] keys = cacheMap.keySet().toArray();

keyCount = keys.length;

int maxIndex = keyCount -1 ;

//初始化扫描下标

if(iterateScanAll){

startIndex = 0;

endIndex = maxIndex;

}else {

int gcThreshold = this.getGcThreshold();

int iterateLen = gcThreshold > this.maxIterateSize ? this.maxIterateSize : gcThreshold;

startIndex = this.iterateLastIndex;

startIndex = ( (startIndex < 0 || startIndex > maxIndex) ? 0 : startIndex );

endIndex = (startIndex + iterateLen);

endIndex = (endIndex > maxIndex ? maxIndex : endIndex);

}

//迭代清理

boolean flag = false;

for(int i=startIndex; i<= endIndex; i++){

flag = this.removeExpiredKey(keys[i]);

if(flag){

removedCount++;

}

}

this.iterateLastIndex = endIndex;

keys = null;

}catch(Exception e){

logger.error("iterateRemoveExpiredCache -- 移除过期的 key时出现异常: " + e.getMessage(), e);

}

long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

sb.append("iterateRemoveExpiredCache [ size: ").append(size).append(", keyCount: ").append(keyCount)

.append(", startIndex: ").append(startIndex).append(", endIndex: ").append(iterateLastIndex)

.append(", removedCount: ").append(removedCount).append(", currentSize: ").append(this.cacheMap.size())

.append(", timeConsuming: ").append(endTime - startTime).append(", nowTime: ").append(new Date())

.append(" ]");

this.lastGCInfo = sb.toString();

if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){

logger.info("iterateRemoveExpiredCache -- 清理结果 -- "+ lastGCInfo);

}

}

/**

* 随机模式 - 移除过期的 key

*/

private void randomRemoveExpiredCache(){

long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

int size = cacheMap.size();

if(size ==0){

return;

}

int removedCount = 0 ;

try{

Object [] keys = cacheMap.keySet().toArray();

int keyCount = keys.length;

boolean removeFlag = false;

int removeRandomTimes = this.getGcThreshold();

removeRandomTimes = ( removeRandomTimes > this.getMaxRandomTimes() ? this.getMaxRandomTimes() : removeRandomTimes );

while(removeRandomTimes-- > 0){

int index = random.nextInt(keyCount);

boolean flag = this.removeExpiredKey(keys[index]);

if(flag){

removeFlag = true;

removedCount ++;

}

}

//尝试 移除 首尾元素

if(!removeFlag){

this.removeExpiredKey(keys[0]);

this.removeExpiredKey(keys[keyCount-1]);

}

keys=null;

}catch(Exception e){

logger.error("randomRemoveExpiredCache -- 移除过期的 key时出现异常: " + e.getMessage(), e);

}

long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

sb.append("randomRemoveExpiredCache [ size: ").append(size).append(", removedCount: ").append(removedCount)

.append(", currentSize: ").append(this.cacheMap.size()).append(", timeConsuming: ").append(endTime - startTime)

.append(", nowTime: ").append(new Date())

.append(" ]");

this.lastGCInfo = sb.toString();

if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){

logger.info("randomRemoveExpiredCache -- 清理结果 -- "+ lastGCInfo);

}

}

private boolean removeExpiredKey(Object key){

boolean flag = false;

CacheElement cacheObj = null;

if(null != key){

try{

cacheObj = cacheMap.get(key);

boolean isExpiredCache = this.isExpiredCache(cacheObj);

if(isExpiredCache){

cacheMap.remove(key);

flag = true;

}

}catch(Exception e){

logger.error("removeExpired(" + key + ") -- error: " + e.getMessage(), e);

}

}

if(!flag && logGCDetail){

this.logger.warn("removeExpiredKey(" + key + ") return [" + flag + "]--" + cacheObj);

}

return flag;

}

public int getInitialCapacity() {

return initialCapacity;

}

public int getMaxCapacity() {

return maxCapacity;

}

public int getGcMode() {

return gcMode;

}

public void setGcMode(int gcMode) {

this.gcMode = gcMode;

}

public int getGcIntervalTime() {

return gcIntervalTime;

}

public void setGcIntervalTime(int gcIntervalTime) {

this.gcIntervalTime = gcIntervalTime;

}

public boolean isEnableGC() {

return enableGC;

}

public void setEnableGC(boolean enableGC) {

this.enableGC = enableGC;

}

public boolean isIterateScanAll() {

return iterateScanAll;

}

public void setIterateScanAll(boolean iterateScanAll) {

this.iterateScanAll = iterateScanAll;

}

public float getGcFactor() {

return gcFactor;

}

public void setGcFactor(float gcFactor) {

this.gcFactor = gcFactor;

}

/**

* gc 阀值

* @return

*/

public int getGcThreshold() {

int threshold = (int)( this.cacheMap.getMaxCapacity() * gcFactor );

return threshold;

}

public String getLastGCInfo() {

return lastGCInfo;

}

public void setLastGCInfo(String lastGCInfo) {

this.lastGCInfo = lastGCInfo;

}

public boolean isLogGCDetail() {

return logGCDetail;

}

public void setLogGCDetail(boolean logGCDetail) {

this.logGCDetail = logGCDetail;

}

public int getTimeout() {

return timeout;

}

public void setTimeout(int timeout) {

this.timeout = timeout;

}

public int getMaxIterateSize() {

return maxIterateSize;

}

public void setMaxIterateSize(int maxIterateSize) {

this.maxIterateSize = maxIterateSize;

}

public int getMaxRandomTimes() {

return maxRandomTimes;

}

public void setMaxRandomTimes(int maxRandomTimes) {

this.maxRandomTimes = maxRandomTimes;

}

public boolean isInitFlag() {

return initFlag;

}

public long getDefaultLifeTime() {

return defaultLifeTime;

}

public boolean isWarnLongerLifeTime() {

return warnLongerLifeTime;

}

public void setWarnLongerLifeTime(boolean warnLongerLifeTime) {

this.warnLongerLifeTime = warnLongerLifeTime;

}

//======================== dynMaxCapacity ========================

private int dynMaxCapacity = maxCapacity;

public int getDynMaxCapacity() {

return dynMaxCapacity;

}

public void setDynMaxCapacity(int dynMaxCapacity) {

this.dynMaxCapacity = dynMaxCapacity;

}

public void resetMaxCapacity(){

if(dynMaxCapacity > initialCapacity && dynMaxCapacity != maxCapacity){

if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){

logger.info("resetMaxCapacity( " + dynMaxCapacity + " ) start...");

}

synchronized(cacheMap){

LRULinkedHashMap<Object, CacheElement> cacheMap0 = new LRULinkedHashMap<Object, CacheElement>(initialCapacity ,dynMaxCapacity);

cacheMap.clear();

cacheMap = cacheMap0;

this.maxCapacity = dynMaxCapacity;

}

if(logger.isInfoEnabled()){

logger.info("resetMaxCapacity( " + dynMaxCapacity + " ) OK.");

}

}else {

if(logger.isWarnEnabled()){

logger.warn("resetMaxCapacity( " + dynMaxCapacity + " ) NO.");

}

}

}

//======================== showCacheElement ========================

private String showCacheKey;

public String getShowCacheKey() {

return showCacheKey;

}

public void setShowCacheKey(String showCacheKey) {

this.showCacheKey = showCacheKey;

}

public Object showCacheElement(){

Object v = null;

if(null != this.showCacheKey){

v = cacheMap.get(showCacheKey);

}

return v;

}

}

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持快网idc。

原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/u011683530/article/details/51029734

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